Drugs acting on the oropharynx

Drugs for oral ulceration and inflammation

LIDOCAINE:

Indications: relief of pain in oral lesions. Otorhinolaryngology – Puncture of the maxillary sinus and minor surgical procedures in the nasal cavity, pharynx and epipharynx. Paracentesis.

Contraindications: Known history of hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics of the amide-type or to other components of the spray solution.

Dose and Administration: for the ointment or gel forms Rub sparingly and gently on affected areas. For the spray form Apply thinly to the ulcer.

ANTHRAQUINONE GLYCOSIDES-SALICYLIC ACID:

Indications: For the symptomatic relief of pain associated with recurrent mouth ulcers and denture irritation.

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to any of the constituents.

Dose and Administration: Adults (including the elderly): To be applied to the inflamed oral mucosa (after removing any dentures) three or four time’s daily using the brush provided. Children Not recommended.

Oropharyngeal anti-infective drugs

MICONAZOLE:

Indications: Oral treatment and prevention of fungal infections of the oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract, and of super infections due to Gram-positive bacteria. Oral treatment and prevention of fungal infections of the oropharynx and of superinfections due to Gram-positive bacteria.

Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to miconazole or to any of the excipients. In infants less than 4 months of age or in those whose swallowing reflex is not yet sufficiently developed. In patients with liver dysfunction.

Dose and Administration: Prevention and treatment of oral and intestinal fungal infections, 5–10 mL in the mouth after food 4 times daily; retain near oral lesions before swallowing; child 1 month–2 years 2.5 mL twice daily, 2–6 years 5 mL twice daily, over 6 years 5 mL 4 times daily; treatment continued for 48 hours after lesions have healed. Localised lesions, smear small amount on affected area with clean finger 4 times daily for 5–7 days (dental prostheses should be removed at night and brushed with gel); treatment continued for 48 hours after lesions have healed.

NYSTATIN:

Indications: The prevention and treatment of candidal infections of the oral cavity, oesophagus and intestinal tract. The suspension provides effective prophylaxis against oral candidosis in those born of mothers with vaginal candidosis.

Contraindications: Contra-indicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of the components.

Dose and Administration: Treatment, adult and child, 100 000 units 4 times daily after food, usually for 7 days (continued for 48 hours after lesions have resolved).

Lozenges

BENZOXONIUM-LIDOCAINE HCL:

Indications: Infections in the mouth & throat eg pharyngitis or laryngitis, sore throat w/ colds, aphthous ulcers, stomatitis, gingivitis. Adjuvant in tonsillitis.

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to quarternary ammon & lidocaine. Pregnancy & lactation. Not for childn <4 yr.

Dose and Administration: Loz 1 loz 2-3 hrly, in severe infections, increased to 1 loz 1-2 hrly. Max: 10 loz/day.

DICHLOROBENZYL ALCOHOL-AMYLMETACRESOL-MENTHOL: 

Indications: Relief of dry, irritated sore throat, and coughs due to colds and allergies.

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.

Dose and Administration: Dissolve one lozenge slowly in the mouth every 2 to 3 hours.

Mouthwashes, gargles, and dentifrices

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE:

Indications: oral hygiene

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.

Dose and Administration: Mouthwash, consists of Hydrogen Peroxide Solution

6% (= approx. 20 volume) BP. Rinse the mouth for 2–3 minutes with 15 mL

diluted in half a tumblerful of warm water 2–3 times daily

THYMOL-MENTHOL-BENZOIC ACID: 

Indications: oral hygiene

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.

Dose and Administration: Use 10 mL (2 medicine measuresful) undiluted, or diluted with a small quantity of warm water and thoroughly rinse the mouth for about one minute twice daily.

POVIDONE-IODINE:

Indications: for relief of painful infections and inflammatory conditions of the mouth and throat and as a routine mouthwash.

Contraindications: Sensitivity to Povidone-iodine. Patients with non-toxic nodular colloid goitre should not use Povidone-iodine.

Dose and Administration: Use full strength and rinse or gargle for thirty seconds then spit out, repeat hourly or Dilute one part of with two parts of water, rinse mouth thoroughly and spit out.