Mydriatics and cycloplegics
January 7, 2018Drugs acting on the Nose
January 8, 2018
Tear deficiency, ocular lubricants, and astringents
Chronic soreness of the eyes associated with reduced or abnormal tear secretion (e.g. in Sjögren’s syndrome) often responds to tear replacement therapy or pilocarpine given by mouth. The severity of the condition and patient preference will often guide the choice of preparation. Chronic soreness of the eyes associated with reduced or abnormal tear secretion (e.g. in Sjögren’s syndrome) often responds to tear replacement therapy or pilocarpine given by mouth. The severity of the condition and patient preference will often guide the choice of preparation.
CARBOMERS (Polyacrylic acid):
Indications: Substitute of tear fluid for management of dry eye conditions including keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and for unstable tear film.
Contraindications: Patients with known hypersensitivity to carbomer (polyacrylic acid) or to any of the excipients.
Dose and Administration: 1 drop 3 – 4 times daily or as required, depending upon the severity of the disease.
CARBOXYMETHYYLCELLULOSE SODIUM:
Indications: indicated for use as a lubricant in dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca [KCS]). This indication includes the temporary relief of burning, irritation, and/or discomfort due to dryness of the eye. Also indicated for lubricating and rewetting of soft and rigid gas permeable contact lenses. It is also indicated to relieve the dryness, irritation, and discomforts that may be associated with lens wear.
Contraindications: contra-indicated in patients with previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.
Dose and Administration: Dry eye indication: Instil 1 or 2 drops in the affected eye(s) as needed. Rewetting indication: apply 1 to 2 drops to each eye as needed.
POLYVINYL ALCOHOL-POVIDONE:
Indications: indicated for the symptomatic relief of irritated dry eyes and symptoms of dry eyes. May also be used as a comfort drop while wearing hard or soft contact lenses.
Contraindications: Sensitivity to the ingredients.
Dose and Administration: Apply one or two drops in each eye as needed, or as directed. There is no special dosage schedule for the elderly or for children.
DEXTRAN 70 – HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE:
Indications: An artificial tear treatment for both mucin-deficient and aqueous-deficient dry eye conditions.
Contraindications: Sensitivity to the ingredients.
Dose and Administration: Instil one or two drops as frequently as required to relieve eye irritation symptoms or as
directed by a doctor.
ANHYDROUS LIQUID LANOLIN:
Indications: Useful as a lubricant for the eye.
Contraindications: Sensitivity to wool fat.
Dose and Administration: Insert small ribbon in conjunctival sac, or into
affected area.
SODIUM HYALURONATE:
Indications: Symptomatic use in the treatment of dry eyes (dry eye syndrome).
Contraindications: In cases of hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.
Dose and Administration: instil one drop of three times a day into each eye.
If necessary it can also be used more frequently.
BALANCED SALT SOLUTION:
Indications: For intra-ocular or topical irrigation during surgical procedures.
Contraindications: Sensitivity to the ingredients.
Dose and Administration: There is no special dosage schedule.
Ocular diagnostic preparations
FLUORESCEIN SODIUM:
Indications: For Injection: indicated in diagnostic fluorescein angiography or angioscopy of the retina and iris vasculature.
For Strips: indicated for staining the anterior segment of the eye when fitting contact lenses, in disclosing corneal injury and in applanation tonometry.
Contraindications: Sensitivity to the ingredients.
Dose and Administration: the normal adult dose of fluorescein sodium 10% is 5ml (500mg) and 25% is 2ml (500mg) via intravenous administration. For children the dose should be calculated on the basis of 7.7mg/kg body weight.
Ocular peri-operative drugs
CARBACHOL:
Indications: cataract surgery, penetrating keratoplasty, iridectomy, and other anterior segment surgery requiring rapid complete miosis
Contraindications: pregnancy; breast-feeding
Dose and Administration: for intraocular inistillation no more than one-half milliliter should be gently inistilled into the anterior chamber for the production of satisfactory miosis.
DICLOFENAC SODIUM:
Indications: Inhibition of peroperative miosis during cataract surgery. Treatment of post-operative inflammation in cataract surgery. Control of ocular pain and discomfort associated with corneal epithelial defects after excimer PRK surgery or accidental non- penetrating trauma. Control of inflammation after Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT). The relief of the ocular signs and symptoms of Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis (SAC). vi. Treatment of inflammation and discomfort after strabismus surgery. vii.Treatment of ocular pain and discomfort after radial keratotomy.
Contraindications: Patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients. Like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, Voltarol Ophtha is also contraindicated in patients in whom attacks of asthma, urticaria or acute rhinitis are precipitated by acetylsalicylic acid or by other drugs with prostaglandin synthetase inhibiting activity. Intraocular use during surgical procedure is also contraindicated.
Dose and Administration:
Prophylaxis of preoperative miosis: Apply 1 drop four times during the 2 hours before surgery. Control of post-operative
Inflammation: Apply 1 drop 4 times daily for up to 28 days. Control of post-PRK pain and discomfort: Apply 1 drop 2 times in the hour prior to surgery, 1 drop 2 times five minutes apart immediately after PRK surgery and then post-operatively 1 drop every 2-5 hours while awake for up to 24 hours.
SODIUM HYALURONATE:
Indications: Surgical procedures on the eye, including intra-ocular lens insertion, intra and extra capsular lens extraction, glaucoma surgery, corneal graft, surgery for accidental trauma, retinal detachment and vitreal replacement procedures.
Contraindications: Allergy to any components in this preparation.
Dose and Administration: Sodium Hyaluronate is injected through a fine cannula into the eye. The amount varies with the type of surgery, repeated injections may be required. The total amount introduced is usually less than 1 mL in anterior segment surgery and 2-4 mL in posterior segment surgery.
HYPROMELLOSE:
Indications: for professional use in gonioscopic examinations.
Contraindications: not to be use in conjunction wiyh hot laser treatment.
Dose and Administration: as directed by physician.
LID-CARE:
Indications: it is a gentle cleanser designed for use as a daily eyelid hygiene product. Its non-irritating formula forms microbubble foam to remove cosmetics, accumulated oils and debris from the eyelids and eyelashes.
Contraindications: If you are allergic (hypersensitive) to lid-care or any of its ingredients or If you have a red eye and/or notice excessive discharge.
Dose and Administration: follow doctor’s instructions carefully for daily eyelid hygiene.
